Ballast Water Risk Indication for the North Sea

The ballast water from ships carries marine organisms that have invasive potential. The International Maritime Organization Ballast Water Management Convention (2004) requires ballast water exchange or ballast water management (BWM) systems either onboard or ashore. Ships can be exempted on the basis of risk assessment, when exclusively sailing between specific ports or in an enclosed area. In reply to our questionnaire, the shipping sector argues that the North Sea is ecologically homogeneous and exemptions could therefore be granted. This paper proposes that the North Sea area is, in fact, not homogeneous in terms of hydrographical and biological conditions; therefore, ballast water is a relevant transport mechanism for organisms. Within the North Sea, the short shipping routes indicate a high risk for survival. We examined actual simulation models for ballast water risk assessment in the North Sea, and we have identified the major parameters that need to be included in such models. These models provided a basis; they further need to be combined and adapted for the purpose of evaluating the rationale for an exemption. We concluded that exemptions from BWM are not recommended for the North Sea area. Anticipating the Ballast Water Management Convention, ship owners might do well to study possibilities for installing BWM systems onboard.     

50000 DWT半潜船压载系统设计

压载系统是半潜船的关键性系统,设计需要满足半潜船潜装、滚装和吊装等多种装卸货方式的要求。为此以中远航运50 000 DWT半潜船为例,介绍半潜船压载系统的设计要点。包括半潜船上浮时间的确定、半潜船常用排/压载方式的选择、大型排/压载设备的介绍、压载系统的设计和优化以及压载系统满足BWM公约D-2规则要求的研究等。     

船舶压载水的处理与进展

船舶压载水的随意排放是造成外来生物入侵的主要途径,本文阐述了船舶压载水的管理现状和处理方法,以及世界上该领域的最新进展。     

Added resistance acting on hull of a non ballast water ship

In this paper, added resistances acting on a hull of non ballast water ship(NBS) in high waves is discussed. The non ballast water ships were developed at the laboratory of the authors at Osaka Prefecture University, Japan. In the present paper, the performances of three kinds of bow shapes developed for the NBS were theoretically and experimentally investigated to find the best one in high waves. In previous papers, an optimum bow shape for the NBS was developed in calm water and in moderated waves. For a 2 m model for experiments and computations, the wave height is 0.02 m. This means that the wave height is 15% of the draft of the ship in full load conditions. In this paper, added resistances in high waves up to 0.07 m for a 2 m model or 53% of the full load draft are investigated. In such high waves linear wave theories which have been used in the design stage of a ship for a long time may not work well anymore, and experiments are the only effective tool to predict the added resistance in high waves. With the computations for waves, the ship is in a fully captured condition because shorter waves, λ/Lpp0.6, are assumed.     

千斤洞大桥30m大空心板整体加固技术

以千斤洞大桥30m预应力大空心板上部结构加固为背景,从构造特点、施工方法和关键技术等方面介绍了去梁增肋加固法的设计与施工特点。通过验证计算、模拟试验和监测结果,证明该新技术应用的成功,为去梁增肋法在空心板桥上部结构加固中的应用提供了经验。     

青藏铁路无缝线路试验段轨道参数试验

青藏铁路在技术可行地段铺设无缝线路,对于提高行车速度、减少线路齐护维修、降低运营成本,实现铁道部铁路跨越式发展战略,具有十分重要的意义。详细介绍了道床横、纵向阻力与轨道原始弯曲的试验方法和数据整理分析过程,获得了合理取值。确定在青藏铁路格望段通过规范的轨道施工,可以迭到铺设无缝线路设计参数的要求。另外,对青藏铁路轨道稳定性与钢轨强度进行了检算,并确定了锁定轨温。     

通用型FPSO关键管网系统水锤分析及防护

在深水通用型FPSO工程中,水锤产生的压力会对管路系统造成危害,严重影响工程进度.运用AFT Impulse建立通用型FPSO压载水系统模型,对系统进行瞬态分析,得出不同关阀工况下水锤仿真结果.通过多次仿真对结果进行比较,得到相对合理的关阀方案,确保管路系统的安全.     

肥大型船满,压载状态下尾部伴流场的分析与探讨

对４ 艘肥大型船舶在满、压载状态下尾部伴流场测试结果进行分析、比较,探讨肥大型船在不同状态下尾部伴流场的特征及其对尾部振动的影响,介绍对这４ 艘船尾部加装节能装置前置导管后在满、压载时伴流场的测试与分析结果,着重提出前置导管对满、压载状态下尾部伴流场的影响     

Developing evasive action‐based indicators for identifying pedestrian conflicts in less organized traffic environments

There has been a growing interest in using surrogate safety measures such as traffic conflicts to analyse road safety from a broader perspective than collision data alone. This growing interest has been aided by recent advances in automated video‐based traffic conflict analysis. The automation enables accurate calculation of various conflict indicators such as time‐to‐collision and post‐encroachment time. These indicators rely on road users getting within specific temporal and spatial proximity from each other and therefore assume that proximity is a surrogate for conflict severity. However, this assumption may not be valid in many driving environments where close interactions between road users are common. The objective of this paper is to investigate the applicability of time proximity conflict indicators for evaluating pedestrian safety in less‐organized traffic environments with a high mix of road users. Several alternative behavioural conflict indicators based on detecting pedestrian evasive actions are recommended to better measure traffic conflicts in such traffic environments. These indicators represent variations in the spatio‐temporal gait parameters (step length, step frequency and walk ratio) immediately before the conflict point. A highly congested shared intersection in Shanghai, China, with frequent pedestrian conflicts is used as a case study. Traffic conflicts are analysed with the use of automated video‐based analysis techniques. The results showed that evasive action‐based indicators have higher potential to identify pedestrian conflicts and measure their severity in high mix less organized traffic environments than time proximity measures such as time‐to‐collision and post‐encroachment time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

燃机动力学建模中复杂结构处理方法

文章介绍了两种用于压载水处理系统的自清洗过滤器的工作原理和技术特点,并结合过滤器陆基试验的测试结果,对两种自清洗过滤器在三种水质下的过滤效果和反冲洗效果进行了多方面的分析和总结,对压载水处理系统用的自清洗过滤器的设计和选型提供一定的参考依据。